:root{
  --paper:#F5F3ED;
  --paper-warm:#EFEBE0;
  --ink:#22261F;
  --ink-soft:#5A6154;
  --olive:#6E7A46;
  --olive-deep:#4A5230;
  --glow:#C7A06A;
  --rule:#D8D3C4;
  --max:1120px;
}
*{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{
  background:var(--paper);
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Arabic',system-ui,sans-serif;
  font-weight:300;
  line-height:1.9;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
}
h1,h2,h3,.wordmark,.nav-link{font-family:'Reem Kufi','IBM Plex Sans Arabic',sans-serif;font-weight:500}
.mono{font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-weight:400}
.wrap{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}
a{color:inherit}

/* ============ SOURCE STAMP: the recurring structural device ============ */
.stamp{
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:400;
  color:var(--olive-deep);background:rgba(110,122,70,.09);
  border:1px solid rgba(110,122,70,.22);
  padding:3px 9px;border-radius:3px;letter-spacing:.01em;
  direction:ltr;
}
.stamp::before{
  content:"";width:5px;height:5px;border-radius:50%;
  background:var(--olive);flex-shrink:0;
}
.kind{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.7rem;
  letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--olive-deep);text-transform:uppercase;
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:14px;
}
.kind::after{content:"";height:1px;flex:1;background:var(--rule)}

/* ============ TOP BAR ============ */
.topbar{
  position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;
  background:rgba(245,243,237,.88);backdrop-filter:blur(10px);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.topbar .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;height:64px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;text-decoration:none}
.brand .wordmark{position:relative;padding-inline-start:2px}
.brand .wordmark{font-size:1.12rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em}
.nav{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-inline-start:auto;align-items:center}
.nav-link{
  text-decoration:none;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--ink-soft);
  padding:7px 13px;border-radius:5px;font-weight:400;
}
.nav-link:hover,.nav-link:focus-visible{background:var(--paper-warm);color:var(--ink);outline:none}
.lang{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:6px 12px;border-radius:5px;
  text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-soft);
}
.lang:hover,.lang:focus-visible{border-color:var(--olive);color:var(--olive-deep);outline:none}
@media(max-width:860px){.nav .nav-link{display:none}}

/* ============ HERO ============ */
.hero{padding:70px 0 78px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.hero .wrap{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 380px;
  gap:64px;align-items:center;
}
.hero h1{
  font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5.4vw,3.5rem);font-weight:600;
  line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-bottom:6px;
}
.tagline{
  font-family:'Reem Kufi',sans-serif;font-size:clamp(1.05rem,2.4vw,1.35rem);
  color:var(--olive-deep);font-weight:400;margin-bottom:26px;
}
.hero p.method{
  font-size:1.02rem;color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:46ch;margin-bottom:30px;
}
.hero p.method strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}
.cta-row{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.btn{
  display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;font-size:.92rem;
  padding:12px 24px;border-radius:6px;transition:transform .15s ease,background .15s ease;
}
.btn-solid{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}
.btn-solid:hover,.btn-solid:focus-visible{background:var(--olive-deep);outline:none}
.btn-ghost{border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink)}
.btn-ghost:hover,.btn-ghost:focus-visible{border-color:var(--olive);background:var(--paper-warm);outline:none}

/* ============ HERO LOGO (user asset, untouched) ============ */
.hero-logo{
  width:100%;max-width:460px;height:auto;display:block;
  mix-blend-mode:multiply;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){
  .hero-logo{animation:fadeUp 1.1s cubic-bezier(.2,.9,.25,1) both}
  @keyframes fadeUp{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(14px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}
}
@media(max-width:860px){
  .hero .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px}
  .aperture-wrap{order:-1}
  .hero-logo{max-width:320px;margin:0 auto}
}

/* ============ SECTIONS ============ */
section{padding:64px 0}
.sec-head{margin-bottom:32px}
.sec-head h2{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.3vw,2rem);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:8px}
.sec-head p{color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:60ch;font-size:.98rem}

/* ---- Study feature ---- */
.study{
  background:var(--ink);color:#E8E6DE;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;
}
.study-inner{padding:40px}
.study .kind{color:#A9B48A}
.study .kind::after{background:rgba(255,255,255,.16)}
.study h3{font-size:clamp(1.35rem,3vw,1.85rem);color:#F5F3ED;margin-bottom:12px;line-height:1.5}
.study p.lede{color:#B4BAAB;max-width:62ch;margin-bottom:26px;font-size:.98rem}
.figures{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(190px,1fr));
  gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.13);
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.13);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:26px;
}
.fig{background:var(--ink);padding:20px 18px}
.fig .num{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:1.7rem;font-weight:500;
  color:var(--glow);line-height:1.2;display:block;margin-bottom:4px;direction:ltr;
}
.fig .lbl{font-size:.83rem;color:#B4BAAB;line-height:1.6;display:block;margin-bottom:9px}
.fig .stamp{background:rgba(199,160,106,.1);border-color:rgba(199,160,106,.28);color:#D9BE92}
.fig .stamp::before{background:var(--glow)}
.study-meta{
  display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;
  padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.13);
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.74rem;color:#8E9683;direction:ltr;
}
.btn-glow{background:var(--glow);color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}
.btn-glow:hover,.btn-glow:focus-visible{background:#D9B47C;outline:none}
@media(max-width:700px){.study-inner{padding:26px 20px}}

/* ---- Data points ---- */
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:18px}
.card{
  background:#FFF;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:10px;padding:24px;
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;text-decoration:none;
  transition:border-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease;
}
.card:hover,.card:focus-visible{border-color:var(--olive);outline:none}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px)}}
.card h3{font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:10px}
.card p{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:16px;flex:1}
.spark{width:100%;height:56px;margin-bottom:16px;display:block}
.card-foot{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.read{font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--olive-deep)}

/* ---- Documented (claim vs record) ---- */
.checks{display:grid;gap:16px}
.check{
  background:#FFF;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;
}
.check-q{
  padding:18px 24px;font-family:'Reem Kufi',sans-serif;font-size:1.05rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.check-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
.side{padding:20px 24px}
.side:first-child{border-inline-end:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper-warm)}
.side .who{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.1em;
  text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:10px;display:block;
}
.side p{font-size:.9rem;margin-bottom:12px}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .check-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .side:first-child{border-inline-end:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
}

/* ---- Method ---- */
.method-band{background:var(--paper-warm);border-block:1px solid var(--rule)}
.rules{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:26px;margin-top:8px}
.rule h3{font-size:.97rem;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:7px;color:var(--olive-deep)}
.rule p{font-size:.87rem;color:var(--ink-soft)}
.rule .n{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--olive);
  display:block;margin-bottom:9px;
}

/* ---- Subscribe ---- */
.sub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:44px;align-items:center}
.sub h2{margin-bottom:10px}
.sub p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.95rem}
.form{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.form input{
  flex:1;min-width:200px;padding:12px 15px;border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:6px;background:#FFF;font-family:inherit;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--ink);
}
.form input:focus{outline:2px solid var(--olive);outline-offset:1px;border-color:transparent}
.form button{
  padding:12px 22px;border:none;border-radius:6px;background:var(--ink);
  color:var(--paper);font-family:inherit;font-size:.92rem;cursor:pointer;
}
.form button:hover,.form button:focus-visible{background:var(--olive-deep);outline:none}
.note{font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.7rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:10px}
@media(max-width:800px){.sub{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}}

/* ---- Footer ---- */
footer{background:var(--ink);color:#8E9683;padding:44px 0 34px;font-size:.85rem}
.foot-top{display:flex;gap:30px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:28px}
footer .brand .wordmark{color:#F5F3ED}
.foot-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-inline-start:auto}
.foot-links a{color:#A9B48A;text-decoration:none}
.foot-links a:hover,.foot-links a:focus-visible{color:#F5F3ED;outline:none}
.foot-bot{
  border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);padding-top:20px;
  display:flex;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;
}

/* ============ INNER PAGE CHROME ============ */
.page-head{padding:56px 0 40px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.crumb{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.1em;
  text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--olive-deep);margin-bottom:14px;display:block;
}
.crumb a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}
.crumb a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.page-head h1{font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4.4vw,2.8rem);font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:14px}
.page-head p{color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:64ch;font-size:1.02rem}
.page-meta{
  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:20px;
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.73rem;color:var(--ink-soft);direction:ltr;
}
[dir=rtl] .page-meta{justify-content:flex-start}
.prose{max-width:70ch;font-size:1rem}
.prose h2{font-size:1.35rem;margin:36px 0 12px;font-weight:600}
.prose h3{font-size:1.08rem;margin:26px 0 10px;font-weight:600;color:var(--olive-deep)}
.prose p{margin-bottom:16px}
.prose ul{margin:0 0 18px;padding-inline-start:22px}
.prose li{margin-bottom:9px}
.prose blockquote{
  border-inline-start:3px solid var(--olive);background:var(--paper-warm);
  padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:.95rem;
}
[dir=ltr] .prose blockquote{border-radius:8px 0 0 8px}
.entry{
  display:block;text-decoration:none;background:#FFF;border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:10px;padding:22px 24px;margin-bottom:14px;transition:border-color .18s ease;
}
.entry:hover,.entry:focus-visible{border-color:var(--olive);outline:none}
.entry h3{font-family:'Reem Kufi',sans-serif;font-size:1.06rem;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:8px}
.entry p{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:12px}
.entry-foot{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}
.ver{
  display:flex;gap:18px;padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);align-items:flex-start;
}
.ver:last-child{border-bottom:none}
.ver-tag{
  font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--olive-deep);
  background:rgba(110,122,70,.1);border:1px solid rgba(110,122,70,.24);
  padding:3px 10px;border-radius:4px;flex-shrink:0;min-width:74px;text-align:center;direction:ltr;
}
.ver-body p{font-size:.93rem;margin-bottom:6px}
.ver-body .date{font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--ink-soft);direction:ltr}
.src-list{font-size:.88rem;padding-inline-start:20px}
.src-list li{margin-bottom:11px}
.src-list a{color:var(--olive-deep)}
.tabs{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:26px}
.tab{
  font-size:.85rem;text-decoration:none;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:20px;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink-soft);background:#FFF;
}
.tab:hover,.tab.on{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}
.embed{
  width:100%;height:78vh;min-height:520px;border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:10px;background:#FFF;
}